Targeting a school during a war could be justified or, at least, argued as a mistake. However, striking over 120 schools, killing and wounding thousands of civilians sheltered inside, can only be intentional and constitutes horrific war crimes.

Between October 7 and July 18, Israel has done precisely that, targeting United Nations infrastructure in the besieged Gaza Strip with total impunity.

The price has been horrific. According to UNRWA estimates, at least 561 internally displaced people in UNRWA shelters have been killed, and 1,768 injured since the start of the war.

In fact, within a period of ten days, between July 8 and July 18, at least six UN-run schools, which served as makeshift shelters for displaced Palestinians, have been targeted by the Israeli army, resulting in the killing and wounding of hundreds.

Historically, UN-linked organizations seemed somewhat immune from the impact of war on local populations. The privilege of being neutral outsiders to the conflict allowed those affiliated with such organizations to carry out their duties largely unhindered.

The Israeli war on Gaza, however, is the primary exception among all modern conflicts. According to UN sources, 274 aid workers and over 500 healthcare workers have been killed.

These figures are consistent with all other numbers produced by the ongoing Israeli genocide in Gaza. Indeed, not a single category of people has been spared: neither doctors, civil defense workers, mayors, nor even traffic police.

It was obvious from the very start of the war that Israel wanted to criminalize all Palestinians—not only those affiliated with Hamas or other groups but also the civilian population and any international organization that came to their aid.

Blaming and dehumanizing all of Gaza was and remains part of an Israeli strategy that allows the Israeli army to operate without any restraints, and without even the most minimal threshold of morality or respect for international law.

But the Israeli attacks on the UN, all its institutions, particularly the UN agency responsible for the welfare of Gaza’s refugees (UNRWA), serve a different purpose than that of mere "collective punishment."

Israel does not attempt to mask or justify its attacks on the organization as it did during previous Gaza wars. This time around, the Israeli war was accompanied from the very start by the outlandish accusation that UNRWA members had participated in the October 7 assault by Hamas and other Palestinian groups.

Without providing any evidence, Tel Aviv launched an international campaign of vilification against the UN organization, which has, for decades, provided educational, medical, and humanitarian services to millions of Palestinian refugees.

Sadly, and tellingly, some Western, and even non-Western, governments answered Israel’s call to punish UNRWA by withholding badly needed funds, the urgency of which stemmed not only from the direct impact of the Israeli war but also from the acute famine resulting from the war.

True, a number of governments eventually resumed their funding of the UN organization, but such actions were only taken when much damage had already been done. Additionally, most, if not all, Western governments have not taken any action against Israel for its continued targeting of UNRWA facilities, thus leading to the killing of hundreds of innocent Palestinians in the process.

This non-committal attitude has emboldened Israel to the extent that, on May 29, the Israeli Knesset (parliament) passed a preliminary reading of a bill that designated UNRWA as a "terrorist organization."

Later, on July 18, Israeli spokesperson David Mencer accused the head of UNRWA himself of being a "terrorist sympathizer."

Israel’s animosity towards UNRWA, however, predates the current war. For years, the Israeli government, with the aid of the Trump administration, has labored to shut down the organization altogether.

Jared Kushner, Trump’s former advisor on the Middle East, said in January 2018 that it was “important to have an honest and sincere effort to disrupt UNRWA.” For him, the dismantlement of the organization meant the dismissal of the Right of Return for Palestinian refugees.

Indeed, the issue is not just about UNRWA, but rather the historic role the organization has served as a reminder of the plight of millions of Palestinian refugees in occupied Palestine, the Middle East, and across the world.

UNRWA was established through General Assembly Resolution 302 (IV) of 8 December 1949. The founding of UNRWA came one year after the passing of UN Resolution 194, which granted Palestinian refugees the right to “return to their homes.”

Although UNRWA’s mission has turned into a permanent mandate, since Palestinian refugees were not granted their right of return, the role of the organization has remained as critical as it was decades ago.

Since Kushner and others have failed to dismantle UNRWA, the Israeli government has taken advantage of its war on Gaza to achieve the exact purpose. In Israeli thinking, without UNRWA, the issue of Palestinian refugees would lose its main legal platform and would ultimately disappear.

This would give Israel the space and leverage to "resolve" the problem of the refugees in any way it finds fit, especially with the full backing of Washington.

Israel must not be allowed to dismantle UNRWA or dismiss the generational struggle of Palestinian refugees, which is the core of the Palestinian fight for justice and freedom. The international community must challenge Israel’s vilification of UNRWA and insist on the centrality of the Right of Return for Palestinian refugees. Without it, no real peace is possible.

Dr. Ramzy Baroud is a journalist, author, and the Editor of 'The Palestine Chronicle'. He is the author of six books. His latest book, co-edited with Ilan Pappé, is 'Our Vision for Liberation: Engaged Palestinian Leaders and Intellectuals Speak Out'. His other books include 'My Father Was a Freedom Fighter' and 'The Last Earth'. Baroud is a Non-resident Senior Research Fellow at the Center for Islam and Global Affairs (CIGA). His website is www.ramzybaroud.net.