Waqf is an Arabic term that means "to stop" or "to hold." In an Islamic context, it refers to the act of donating or dedicating something—whether it be property, money, or other assets—for a charitable or religious cause, where the donation cannot be reclaimed or transferred to others.

Essentially, it is a way of ensuring that the benefit of the donation continues indefinitely, benefiting both the donor and the community.

Waqf is a powerful and long-standing concept in Islam, rooted in the teachings of the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. It is seen as a way to serve humanity, support community welfare, and gain continuous rewards in the Hereafter.

It can take various forms, from providing funds for schools and hospitals to establishing mosques or charitable organizations.

How the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ Used Waqf?

The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ demonstrated the importance of waqf throughout his life. His own actions set a precedent for future generations to follow in making charitable contributions that would benefit the Muslim community and provide long-term rewards.

One of the most famous examples of waqf established by the Prophet was the mosque of Quba. This mosque, built in the first year after the Prophet's migration to Medina, became a vital center for prayer and community activities.

He himself donated land and resources for its construction, encouraging others to contribute to its maintenance and upkeep. This mosque remains one of the most significant symbols of the Prophet's charitable work. Allah (SWT) mentions the importance of mosques in the Qur'an:

"The mosques of Allah are only to be maintained by those who believe in Allah and the Last Day and establish prayer and give zakah and fear none but Allah." (Qur'an 9:18)

Another well-known example is the waqf of the well of Rumah, which was donated by Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him), one of the Prophet's companions.

The well was used to provide water for the community, and Uthman made it a waqf so that it would continue benefiting people long after his death. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ praised him for this act of charity, saying:

"Give it to provide water for the Muslims, and the reward for it will be yours"  (Sunan an-Nasai 3607)

The Prophet also set an example of creating personal waqfs for his family members, ensuring their needs were met. He encouraged his companions to follow his example, providing for the needs of the less fortunate and supporting important communal projects.

In his teachings, the Prophet emphasized that the best form of charity was one that would continue to benefit people long after the giver had passed away. The Prophet said:

“When a man dies, his deeds come to an end, except for three: a continuous charity, knowledge which is beneficial, or a righteous child who prays for him.” (Riyad as-Salihin 1383)

How People Continue the Tradition of Waqf After the Prophet ﷺ

Following the example of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, many Muslims have continued the practice of waqf, establishing it as an integral part of Islamic charity throughout history. From the time of the Prophet until today, waqf has been an enduring way to give back to the community and ensure that resources continue to serve those in need.

In the early days of Islam, caliphs, scholars, and wealthy individuals established waqfs to build mosques, schools, hospitals, and orphanages. These institutions not only served the needs of the Muslim community but also promoted learning, healthcare, and social welfare.

Even today, the tradition of waqf is alive and well. In many Muslim-majority countries, waqf properties continue to support educational institutions, social services, and places of worship. Some countries have set up waqf boards and institutions to manage waqf properties, ensuring their proper use and maintenance.

In modern times, the concept of waqf has also adapted to contemporary needs. Muslims around the world have established waqfs for various causes, including funding medical research, supporting disaster relief efforts, and providing scholarships for students. Some individuals and organizations have created waqf funds for causes like poverty alleviation, environmental conservation, and even advancing technological innovations that benefit society.

The Benefits of Waqf

Waqf carries numerous benefits for both the giver and the receiver. For the donor, it is an act of sustained charity. Unlike ordinary forms of charity that end when the donation is given, waqf creates a continuous flow of benefits, ensuring the donor earns rewards from Allah for as long as the asset is in use. It serves as a form of sadaqah jariyah (continuous charity), which is among the best kinds of charity in Islam.

For the community, waqf provides much-needed resources that can fund essential services, support the less fortunate, and contribute to the betterment of society. The impact of waqf extends beyond the immediate beneficiaries, as it often creates a ripple effect, improving lives, providing education, and fostering a sense of community.

Waqf is one of the most significant concepts in Islamic charity, a practice initiated by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) that continues to benefit millions today. By dedicating assets for the greater good, Muslims can ensure that their acts of charity live on long after they are gone, providing a lasting legacy of support for future generations.

As we reflect on this beautiful tradition, we are reminded of the powerful and enduring impact of giving, and the importance of using our resources in ways that benefit others and earn us the pleasure of Allah. May Allah (SWT) grant us the ability to engage in acts of continuous charity that benefit both us and our communities.