Human resources experts say that successfully leading a small group of people is not an easy task.

Imagine for a moment the challenge Prophet Muhammad faced when he established the foundations of the first Muslim community first in Makkah, then in Madinah.

When Islam started to gain publicity, the few people who had embraced it in Makkah formed the nucleus of the first Muslim community. This small community was put to persecution at the hands of the people of Quraysh.

The Prophet had to do something about this challenging situation. When the persecution intensified, he asked some of them to leave Makkah and migrate to Abyssinia where its king, Negus, gave them protection and welcomed them in his country. As a responsible leader, the Prophet had a serious concern for his followers' safety and he took wise measures to ensure that at least some of them were safe, far away from danger.

After the death of the Prophet's wife, Khadijah, and his uncle, Abu Talib, the persecution of the Prophet and his companions in Makkah increased, and his personal safety was at risk as the tribes joined hands to kill him. At that point, God commanded the Prophet to leave Makkah and migrate to Madinah where he started a new phase in establishing the new Muslim state.

In Madinah, the Prophet declared that both the migrants (Al-Muhajirun) and the helpers (Al-Ansar) were brothers, and that they formed one community. The Prophet's main goal in building this community was to strengthen their bonds of brotherhood in Islam.

He also wanted to ease the pain of the migrants and wanted the helpers to extend their hands to the new members of the community who had left their houses and properties behind in Makkah for the sake of Islam. This healthy and positive atmosphere was an important factor that led to the long-term success of the new Muslim community in Madinah.

Prophet Muhammad loved his companions and cared for them a lot. His care and concern covered even those who had died, as he was very keen for example to pay off their debts. When God made the Prophet wealthy through conquests, he said:

"I am more rightful than other believers to be the guardian of the believers, so if a Muslim dies while in debt, I am responsible for the repayment of his debt, and whoever leaves wealth (after his death) it will belong to his heirs." (Al-Bukhari)

In what follows, I will shed more light on some other aspects of the Prophet's wise leadership.

Recognizing His Companions' Skills

A good leader is one who sees the positive traits of his team members and invests in them. This is exactly what the Prophet did with his companions. There are many examples that show how the Prophet discovered where his companions excelled and how he utilized their potentials and wisely invested in them.

One of the famous companions, Bilal ibn Rabah, had a very beautiful voice, and the Prophet being aware of this gift declared Bilal to be his official mu'adhin (one who calls Muslims to prayer). On the other hand, the Prophet refused to offer another distinguished companion, Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, an administrative responsibility because he lacked the required skills.

Out of appreciation and motivation, Prophet Muhammad conferred some titles to his companions. For example, he told Abu `Ubayhdah ibn al-Jarrah:

After embracing Islam, the family of Yasir was put to persecution and torture. In recognition of their sacrifice, the Prophet (peace be upon him) used to comfort them, and he promised them that their final abode will be in Paradise.

The Prophet remained faithful and thankful to those who helped him at the beginning of his mission. The Prophet is reported to have said:

"There is no one who had done more favor to me with life and property than Abu Bakr." (Al-Bukhari)

Seeking His Companions' Opinions

In line with the divine command: {... and consult with them in the matter...} (Al `Imran, 3: 159), Prophet Muhammad used to consult with his companions before taking any decision. The Prophet's counseling with his companions were so common that Abu Hurairah is reported to have said:

"I never saw anyone consult his companions more often than the Messenger of Allah." (Ahmad)

The consultations had to do with matters on which there was no divine guidance in the Quran or the Sunnah. The Prophet did not go to the battle of Badr and the battle of Uhud for example without consulting his companions.

In some cases, the Prophet sought his companions' opinions as what happened in the aforementioned example and this is called "positive consultation". In some other cases, the companions took the initiative and expressed their views on certain issues and this is called "negative consultation". For example, the location of the battlefield of Badr was decided after Al-Habbab ibn al-Mundhir proposed it. The usual term used by Prophet Muhammad in these cases is: "Give me your opinion, O people." This practice became a key characteristic of the nascent Muslim community for which they are praised in the Quran: {...and whose affairs are a matter of counsel...} (Ash-Shura, 42: 39)

Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) consulted his companions even regarding personal issues, like what happened when the news of the slander against his wife Aisha spread in Madinah.

"O people, give me your opinion regarding those people who made a forged story against my wife..." (Al-Bukhari)

Dealing Gently with His Companions

Gentleness is a key quality of Prophet Muhammad . When he wanted to teach his companions, he used a very wise method which entailed both respect for the recipient of such knowledge without embarrassing him. One day a Bedouin urinated in the mosque, and the people ran to beat him. The Prophet said:

"Do not interrupt his urination (i.e. let him finish). Then the Prophet asked for a tumbler of water and poured the water over the place of urine." (Al-Bukhari)

In another version, the Prophet called the man and explained to him that the mosques are not places for urine, but they are for offering prayer and worshipping God. This example takes us to the following point.

Correcting His Companions' Mistakes

Correcting people's mistakes is a Quranic guidance. The Quran has many references to situations in which a certain conduct is blamed and corrected. These situations apply to Muslims in general and to the Prophet himself. (see 80: 1-10; 33: 37; 8: 67; 3: 128; 60: 1; 3: 152; 4: 97)

Let us first clarify that because we are human it is normal that we make mistakes. What is more important is learning from our mistakes and not repeating them. Prophet Muhammad confirmed this meaning in his famous hadith which reads:

"Every son of Adam makes mistakes, and the best of those who make mistakes are those who repent." (At Tirmidhi)

Following the Quranic guidance, Prophet Muhammad applied the same methodology when correcting his companions' mistakes because he felt that it is his duty to do so, being the chosen Prophet to guide people to God.

While correcting his companions' mistakes, the Prophet considered different factors. The approach differed from one situation to another and from one person to another. Dealing with someone who often makes mistakes is different from dealing with one who makes a mistake for the first time. The kind of mistake is also determinant in the kind of treatment. Priority is given to mistakes which have to do with peoples' belief. Situations which involve everyday life or etiquette come in second place.

When the Prophet wanted to teach his companions something, he used to introduce the topic by telling them that:

"I am like a father to you." (Abu Dawud)

Here is an example of how the Prophet corrected his companions. Umar ibn Abi Salamah said: I was a boy under the care of the Prophet and my hand used to go around the dish while I was eating. So the Prophet said to me:
"O boy! Mention the Name of Allah and eat with your right hand, and eat of the dish what is nearer to you".

Since then I have applied those instructions when eating." (Al-Bukhari)

Persuasion was a fundamental tool that the Prophet used to correct his companions' mistakes. It is reported that a man from Banu Fazarah came to the Prophet and said: 'My wife has given birth to a black boy' - and he wanted to disown him. He said:

Respecting the Feelings of His Companions

The Prophet was aware of the details of every single companion's social status and managed to deal with every one according to his circumstances. Once a poor man invited the Prophet and served him vinegar. The Prophet comforted him and said:

This reaction reflects the Prophet's wisdom. He did not want to hurt the man's feeling because of his poor condition.

Muslims' Duty Today

It is because of this wisdom and these refined skills that the Prophet managed to gain this large number of followers, and to successfully convey God's message to the world. And because of his refined manners and wise leadership, the companions deeply loved the Prophet and were ready to sacrifice their lives to save him.

Once a man asked the Prophet about the timing of the Day of Judgment. In response, the Prophet asked the man about the good deeds that he had prepared for that day. The man said: "I have not prepared much prayer or fasting or zakah, but I love God and His Messenger." The Prophet said:

Now, it's our turn. Muslims are told in the Quran that they have in the Prophet Muhammad the most beautiful pattern of conduct:

It is now the Muslims' turn to re-live the conduct of the Prophet and embrace it in their daily lives. If Muslims claim that they love their Prophet, they have to demonstrate this love by following the Prophet's footsteps and his guidance in all walks of life; at home, at work, with their families, with relatives, with friends, with neighbors regardless of their race, faith, color or status.

If we sincerely love the Prophet and follow his guidance, Almighty God will love us, and we will be with him in the Herafter, and the closer to him in Paradise will be those who follow his example and are best in manners.

Source: OnIslam - Mohsen Haredy