Qur�anic Arabic

Bismillah irrahman irrahim

Wa'alaikum assalam wa rahmatullahe wa barakatuhu

JazakAllah khair sis, please guide me in improving the ways, i am always up for the new ways inshaAllah. Sorry for this long delay but i was off for few weeks, pray that Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala gives me ability to continue.

Rule No. 20

If a particle, a noun or a verb ends with a quiescent consonant and the following word begins with a hamzat al-wasl [ اْ ], the connecting hamzah then kasrah is added to the quiescent consonant enabling it to join with the following word.

Example Analysis:

The verb ﺠﻫﻠت ends with the quiescent ( تْ ) because its subject is ْاﻷﻢ. this quiescent ( تْ )  joins with اﻷﻢ which begins with hamzat al-wasl, the connective hamzah. A kasrah is added to the quiescsecnt ( تْ ) enabling it to join with the lām of اﻷﻢ.

[Note this kasrah can be called kasrah of convenience which provides convenience when two words are connected with each other in the articulation. The verb usually precedes the subject.  Such verbal sentence needs no subject pronoun.]

؟ ﻀﻌﻔﺖ اﻠﺒﻨﺖ ﻫﻞ        Halil bintu Ďa�ufatt.

The particle ﻫﻞ ends with the quiescent ( ﻞْ ) and the next word اﻠﺒﻨﺖ begins with hamzat al-wasl, the connecting hamzah.  A kasrah is added to the consonant lām enabling it to join with the lām of اﻠﺒﻨﺖ.

Rule No. 21

If the subject is second person masculine singular the verb ends in ( ﺖَ ) keeping its radical letter lām quiescent.

Example Analysis:

؟ ﻜﺗﺒﺖ ﺃﻨﺖ ﺃ   [Āa Anta katabta] (Did you write?)

The subject of the verb ﻜﺗﺒﺖ katabta) is (ﺃﻨﺖAnta) which is second person masculine singular.  Therefore, it ends with the ( ﺖَ ). The radical letter lām in this verb is Bā therefore it is kept quiescent.

Rule No. 22

If the subject is second person feminine singular, the verb ends in ( ﺖِ ) keeping its radical letter lām quiescent.

Example Analysis:

؟ ﺴﻤﻌﺖ ﺃﻨﺖ ﻫﻞ  (Hal Anti Sami�ti) Did you listen?

The subject of the verb ﺴﻤﻌﺖ Sami�ti is (ﺃﻨﺖAnti) which is second person feminine singular. Therefore, it ends in (ﺖِ ).  The radical letter lām in this verb is �a� therefore it remains quiescent.

Rule No. 23

If the subject is first person singular masculine and feminine, the verb ends with ﺖُ keeping its radical letter lām quiescent.

Example Analysis:

؟ ﻜﺗﺒﺖ ﺃﻨا  (Ana katabtu) I wrote.

The subject of the verb ﻜﺗﺒﺖ katabtu is ﺃﻨا Ana which is first person singular masculine and feminine. Therefore, it ends with (ﺖُ). The radical letter lām in this verb is Bā, therefore it remains quiescent.

Rule No. 24

Active Participle

The active participle describes the doer of the action of verbs. It may function as a noun or an adjective.

The method of forming an active participle is as follows:

1. Add Alif after the radical letter Fā�.
2. Place kasrah under the radical letter �Ayn.
3. As active participle is a noun the radical letter lām in case of indefiniteness shall carry a tanwin and if definite it shall carry a Ĥarakah short vowel.

ﻓﻋﻞ fa�ala               ﻞٌ ﻋِ ا ﻔَ   ﻔاﻋﻞ Fā�ilun  (doing/doer)

ﻛﺘﺐ  Kataba           ﺐٌ ﺘِ ا ﻜَ   ﻜاﺘﺐ Kātibun (writing/writer)

ﺴﻤﻊ    Sami�a         ﻉٌ ﻣِ ا ﺴَ   ﺴاﻣﻊ Sāmi�un (listening/listener)

For feminine ة / ﺔ added to the radical letter lām, which then takes fatĥah.

ﻔاﻋﻞ Fā�ilun       ﻔاﻋﻠﺔ  Fā�ilatun.

ﻜاﺘﺐ Kātibun      ﻛاﺘﺑﺔ   Kātibatun

ﺴاﻣﻊ Sāmi�un      ﺴاﻣﻌﺔ  Sāmi�atun

The active participle is also found on the pattern of ﻔﻌﻳﻞ Fa�īlun. Generally this position is used for adjectives and attributes of Allah subhanahu wa ta�ala.

ﺴﻤﻊ    Sami�a     ﺴﻣﻳﻊ  Sami�un (Hearing)

Note when the radical letter Fā of a verb carries đammah ﻓﻋﻞ Fa�ula, the active participle can be formed only on the pattern of ﻔﻌﻳﻞ Fa�īlun.

Wassalam

Bismillah irrahman irrahim

Assalamu alaikum

The Verb: Perfect

Verbs in Arabic are mostly trilateral (containing three radical letters) but there are a few quadrilateral (containing four radical letters) verbs.  They include two tenses: the perfect and the imperfect. The English past tense and the present perfect tense correspond to the Arabic Perfect.

Arabic grammarians use the verb ﻓﻋﻞ fa�ala (he did), the third person singular masculine IIIM¹, as a root and also as an example pattern. This pattern is frequently used in this work. It is therefore, necessary to understand it.

The initial radical letter in ﻓﻋﻞ fa�ala is Fa, the medial is �Ayn and the third radical letter is Lam. The medial radical �Ayn in a trilateral Perfect verb may carry Fathahَ   , Kasrah ِ  , or dammah ُ  but the radical Fa and lam only carry fathah in all roots. The following three verbs give ezamples of the three possibilies for the radical �Ayn.

(1)       ﻓﻋﻞ fa�ala              ﻛﺘﺐ  Kataba

The radial Kaf stands for Fa, the radical Ta stands for the medial radical �Ayn and Ba stands for the third radical Lam.

ﻛﺘﺐ  Kataba (he wrote) is the third person singular masculine.

(2)       ﻓﻋﻞ fa�ila                ﺠﻫﻞ  Jahila

The radial Jīm stands for Fa, the radical Ha stands for the medial radical �Ayn which carries Kasrah ِ   and Lam stands for the third radical Lam.

ﺠﻫﻞ  Jahila (He remained ignorant) is the third person singular masculine.

(3)     ﻓﻋﻞ fa�ula             ﻀﻌﻒ    Ďa�ufa                 

 The radial Ďa stands for Fa, the radical �Ayn stands for the medial radical �Ayn which carries dammah ُ  and Fa stands for the third radical Lam.

ﻀﻌﻒ    Ďa�ufa   (He became weak) is the third person singular masculine.

[Note the radical �Ayn in ﻓﻋﻞ fa�ala, root carries fathah only. The remaining two vowels kasrah and dammah are deliberately placed for the sake of example so that it can be used as a pattern for all such roots in which radical �Ayn carries either kasrah or dammah.

Just as with the English language, Arabic verbs are either transitive (requiring a direct object to complete the sense) or intransitive (which does not take a direct object) and a few are both transitive and intransitive depending on their use.

(1)   The pattern  ﻓﻋﻞ fa�ala generally retains the transitive character as in ﻛﺘﺐ  Kataba, but there are few roots which although they share the same pattern retain their intransitive nature such as ﺠﻠﺲ  Jalasa (he sat).

(2)   The pattern ﻓﻋﻞ fa�ila generally gives intransitive significance indicating a transient state, action or quality either in a person or in a thing as in ﺠﻫﻞ  Jahila (He remained ignorant).

(3)   The Pattern ﻓﻋﻞ fa�ula is intransitive in its character and indicates a permanent state or inherent quality as in ﻀﻌﻒ    Ďa�ufa   (He became weak).

(4)   Certain verbs depending on their use are either transitive or intransitive as ﺴﻤﻊ    Sami�a.

Rule No. 18

If the subject is third person masculine singular the verb ends with Fathah.

Example Analysis:

Musa �Alima (Musa Knew), in this example Musa is  third person masculine singular so the verb Alima ends with a kasrah on Mim.

Rule No. 19

If the subject is third person feminine singular, ت is added to verb with a sukun having a kasrah on the last radical of the verb.

Example Analysis:

Maryamu �Alimatt (Maryam Knew), Maryamu is third person singular feminine and she is the subject of the verb �Alimatt.

[Note the particle Thumma ﺛﻢ  Then, is employed for connection. It connects two actions with some duration of time. It also signifies garadation]

Huwa Dakhala Thumma Kharaja (He entered, then he came out.)

Wassalam

Assalam Alaikum

My suggestion: use single "a" for fath-ha, double "aa" for madd alif, similarly "i" for kasrah and double"ee" for for madd yaa.....

..If its ok for you...jazakallahkhair

wassalaam

Bismillah irrahman irrahim

Assalamu alaikum

JazakAllah khair for correcting me, I will have to tell you i am really bad at roman form of any language. I have arabic infront of me and i try to make it sound right but looks like there are going to be many times when i fail so please be kind enough to go through my posts in this thread and correct them whenever you can.

Thing was that i am told that when there is a fatha on or letter before alif then you make it more prominent, thats what i was trying to do on ana and anta. And i had a fatha on Ha in h�z� instead of a long vowel in my notes so i went wrong there. Anyway in future i will try to be more careful inshaAllah.

wassalam

p.s. I might take few more days before putting the next part, bit short on time these days.