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Sahih al-Bukhari 5371 (Book 69, Hadith 21) #5145
Paying Debts of Believers

SUMMARY: The Prophet (ﷺ) would offer the funeral prayer for a dead man in debt if he had left something to cover his debts, and if not, he would ask the Muslims present there to offer the funeral prayer. When Allah helped the Prophet (ﷺ) to gain victory on his expeditions, he said that if one of the Believers dies in debt, he will repay it.

Narrated Abu Huraira: A dead man in debt used to be brought to Allah's Messenger ﷺ who would ask, "Has he left anything to re pay his debts?" If he was informed that he had left something to cover his debts the Prophet ﷺ would offer the funeral prayer for him; otherwise he would say to the Muslims present there), "Offer the funeral prayer for your friend:"but when Allah helped the Prophet ﷺ to gain victory (on his expeditions), he said, "I am closer to the Believers than themselves, so. if one of the Believers dies in debt, I will repay it, but if he leaves wealth, it will be for his heirs.
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يُؤْتَى بِالرَّجُلِ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَلَيْهِ الدَّيْنُ، فَيَسْأَلُ ‏"‏ هَلْ تَرَكَ لِدَيْنِهِ فَضْلاً ‏"‏‏.‏ فَإِنْ حُدِّثَ أَنَّهُ تَرَكَ وَفَاءً صَلَّى، وَإِلاَّ قَالَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ ‏"‏ صَلُّوا عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ ‏"‏‏.‏ فَلَمَّا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْفُتُوحَ قَالَ ‏"‏ أَنَا أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ، فَمَنْ تُوُفِّيَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَتَرَكَ دَيْنًا فَعَلَىَّ قَضَاؤُهُ، وَمَنْ تَرَكَ مَالاً فَلِوَرَثَتِهِ
TOPICS
debt  *  prayer  *  victory  *  believer  *  qarz  *  janazah  *  fath  *  mumin

QUICK LESSONS:
Be generous towards those who are less fortunate than you; Help out others whenever possible; Strive hard for success; Remember those who are less fortunate than you; Follow what our beloved prophet ﷺ taught us

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about how Prophet Muhammad ﷺ dealt with people who died in debt. He would ask whether they had left anything behind to pay their debts and if they did then he would offer them a funeral prayer himself. If not then he asked other Muslims present there to do so. Later when Allah helped him gain victory on his expeditions, He said that He was closer to believers than themselves and thus promised that He will repay any debts of believers who die in debt. This teaches us that we should be generous towards those who are less fortunate than us and help them out whenever we can as it is our duty as believers of Allah SWT. We should also strive hard for success but at the same time remember those who are less fortunate than us and help them out whenever possible as this is what our beloved prophet ﷺ did too!

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