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Sahih al-Bukhari 5310 (Book 68, Hadith 59) #5088
The Process of Lian

SUMMARY: The Prophet (ﷺ) used the process of Lian to determine the truth in a case of adultery.

Narrated Al-Qasim bin Muhammad: Ibn 'Abbas; said, "Once Lian was mentioned before the Prophet ﷺ whereupon 'Asim bin Adi said something and went away. Then a man from his tribe came to him, complaining that he had found a man with his wife'.Asim said, 'I have not been put to task except for my statement (about Lian)'. 'Asim took the man to the Prophet ﷺ and the man told him of the state in which he had found his wife. The man was pale, thin, and of lank hair, while the other man whom he claimed he had seen with his wife, was brown, fat and had much flesh on his calves. The Prophet ﷺ invoked, saying, 'O Allah! Reveal the truth'. So that lady delivered a child resembling the man whom her husband had mentioned he had found her with. The Prophet ﷺ then made them carry out Lian". Then a man from that gathering asked Ibn 'Abbas, "Was she the same lady regarding which the Prophet ﷺ had said, 'If I were to stone to death someone without witness, I would have stoned this lady'?" Ibn 'Abbas said, "No, that was another lady who, though being a Muslim, used to arouse suspicion by her outright misbehavior".
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عُفَيْرٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ ذُكِرَ التَّلاَعُنُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ عَاصِمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ فِي ذَلِكَ قَوْلاً، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ، فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ يَشْكُو إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً، فَقَالَ عَاصِمٌ مَا ابْتُلِيتُ بِهَذَا إِلاَّ لِقَوْلِي، فَذَهَبَ بِهِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِالَّذِي وَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ امْرَأَتَهُ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ مُصْفَرًّا قَلِيلَ اللَّحْمِ سَبْطَ الشَّعَرِ، وَكَانَ الَّذِي ادَّعَى عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ وَجَدَهُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِهِ خَدْلاً آدَمَ كَثِيرَ اللَّحْمِ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ‏"‏ اللَّهُمَّ بَيِّنْ ‏"‏‏.‏ فَجَاءَتْ شَبِيهًا بِالرَّجُلِ الَّذِي ذَكَرَ زَوْجُهَا أَنَّهُ وَجَدَهُ، فَلاَعَنَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمَا‏.‏ قَالَ رَجُلٌ لاِبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي الْمَجْلِسِ هِيَ الَّتِي قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ‏"‏ لَوْ رَجَمْتُ أَحَدًا بِغَيْرِ بَيِّنَةٍ رَجَمْتُ هَذِهِ ‏"‏‏.‏ فَقَالَ لاَ تِلْكَ امْرَأَةٌ كَانَتْ تُظْهِرُ فِي الإِسْلاَمِ السُّوءَ قَالَ أَبُو صَالِحٍ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ خَدِلاً‏.‏
TOPICS
lian

QUICK LESSONS:
Seek out justice through proper means such as lien or oaths .

EXPLANATIONS:
This hadith is about a process called Lian which was used by the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ to determine the truth in cases of adultery. In this particular case, a man came to him claiming that he had found his wife with another man and so he invoked Allah for help in revealing the truth. As a result, his wife gave birth to a child who resembled the other man whom her husband claimed she was with. This process is an example of how justice should be sought out and how Allah can help us find it if we ask Him for it. It also teaches us that we should not jump to conclusions without having all facts first as this could lead us astray from justice and fairness.

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